Analysis Of The South West Airlines

Analysis Of The South West Airlines The South west airlines are part of the airline industry in U.S.A and are a low cost airline located in Dallas U.S.A. An external analysis of the environment in the airline industry was carried out through a PEST analysis and the 5 forces of the Porters model and the below conclusions were reached. Political environment-the policies that governments have come up with. For instance the UK government and environmental activists that aviation degrades the environment greatly and should therefore be controlled. A government is a very powerful entity and therefore it could pose a threat to airlines if it decided to impose regulatory practices on airlines.Limitations regarding the terms and legal obligations of the airline may make it hard for the airline. Scanning the political environment in this case, we find that south west airlines sought to make use of the opportunity created by the airline Deregulation Act passed by the U.S congress in 1978.this law permitted interstate flights. But Southwests attempt to becoming an inter-state airline soon faced political obstacles. Southwest wanted to operate all its interstate flights from Love Field Airport which was very close to downtown Dallas. On the other hand, all the other airlines operated from Dallas Fort Worth Airport, which was far away from the main city. Rival airlines fearing that South west would get a larger share of passengers, tried to use their political influence to ban operation of flights from Love Field, Congressman Jim wright tried to pass this law. Social environment. These have positively affected the industry in that with the introduction of more and more airlines, even people from the middle-class can now travel by air. Beyond that, there has also been more job creation through the establishment of these airlines. An important aspect of the social environment concerns the values consumers hold. Values mainly revolve around a number of fundamental concerns regarding time, quality, total environment, financial conditions and diversity. The ultimate taste of a business is its social relevance. When it entered the airline industry, the social environment for air passengers was discouraging, the fares were too high, flight schedules were not convenient for passengers and the time required for travelling from the city , to park and take off from the airport was lengthy and tiring. The aptitude of managers of southwest airlines is seen whereby they refuse to move their flight operations from Love Field. This was a clear indication that they were observing the social environment and building their organization against this. With this recognition of the social environment, the southwest Airlines gained popularity among the citizens and thus attracted more customers. Economic environment. These can take several dimensions, first how the industries that airlines depend on affect airlines and how the airlines are directly affected by a countrys economy. The changes in the economy have had a tremendous effect on the airline industry. Another thing that the economy is affecting the airline industry is the competing airlines. The bigger airlines can afford lower fares which make it hard for the smaller airlines to compete. Different airlines have plans to expand but will not be able to until the cost of fuel is under control.Fuel price hauls and fluctuations are a major reason for the Southwest for not incurring more profitable operations. (Southwest counters this by strict financial spending on fuel i-e fuel-hedging) For the low carriers who allow advanced booking, they will need to work on a plan to avoid bankruptcy. This will make the airline industry continue to boost prices due to the fact that oil prices are expected to continue rising due to th e supply. Traveling by air is both elastic and inelastic depending on whom it is that is traveling. If a family is planning a trip just to take a vacation and the price of an airline ticket is extremely high, more than likely they will decide to wait on the trip until the prices are lower. This shows that the airline industry in considered elastic. However, if a businessman needs to be at a seminar across the country by the next day, he will need an airline ticket regardless of the cost. In this example, the airline industry would be considered inelastic because it is a necessity. The current market has a big part in the supply and demand in the airline industry. For instance, with the price of oil rapidly increasing, the cost of an airline ticket is also increasing and the demand for leisure travel is decreasing. After the bombing of the World Trade Centre on September 9th 2001, people were afraid there would be another terrorist attack involving a plane and the demand decreased. Another factor in the cost of an airline ticket is the date it is purchased. If there is an emergency and someone purchases a ticket close to the departure date, even though there are unsold seats available the cost will increase. Technological environment. This basically means that some technological advancement has proven, and may in future prove to affect the airline industry negatively thus a decrease in the air travel demand. A good instance would be video conferencing which reduces the need for people to constantly travel. If not planned for properly, an airline could suffer greatly from ignorance to technology. Social networking sites like Facebook and Skype allow for people around the world to share information they may not have been able to before. One can chat with a relative and avoiding travelling by air throughout the world. The 5 forces of Porters model Threats of new entrants. There has been a never ending expansion of the aviation industry with new airlines coming up every day. Airline managers should therefore ensure that they are prepared and have a strategy on how to deal with new entrants into the industry. This can be clearly portrayed by the way Braniff and Texas international Airlines reacted to the entry of a new airline, Southwest Airlines, they even decided to work together in a bid to destroy the airline even before it started their operations. This would go to show that the treat of new entrants in the airline industry is very high. Availability of substitutes. They exist because there is more than one way of doing anything. For instance when travelling, one can use vehicles, trains bicycles, airplanes, ship and so forth. Apart from alternative methods of transport, technology has gifted us with the gift to do a lot of things without moving. The ease of substitution in the airline industry is surprisingly very high the greatest contribution being from technological advancement. This has led to a drop in the demand for air travel causing airlines to constantly register losses. The ease of substitution in the Airline industry is very high since other alternatives have come up mostly due to technological developments. Degree of rivalry among competitors. How competitive is the industry? Is there a dominant airline and many other small airlines or are there many powerful airlines how many other airlines are there in the industry. These are some of the questions that are raised under competition. If theres one dominant airline then the degree of competition is quite low in the industry. The airline industry in the USA is very competitive and has a lot of rivalry going on. In the case of southwest airlines, its major competitors, Texas International and Braniff Airlines even joined hands in a bid to destroy the southwest airlines even before they started operations. This goes to illustrate how competitive the airline industry in USA can get, the competitors were threatened by an airline that hadnt even started operations. Bargaining power of suppliers. The bargaining power of suppliers is basically quite low in the industry in that, much bargaining doesnt take place. Suppliers are mostly big shot aviation companies and can only compromise prices with airlines so that during their low period, they are able to negotiate prices with their buyers. It may not be exactly bargaining but it counts for something. And therefore the bargaining power of suppliers will be considered to be low. Bargaining power of customers. The airline industry rarely allows room for customer bargaining, you can either afford to travel by air or not and with more and more new airlines coming up, almost all social classes are catered for. South airlines however havent classified their passengers which reduces discrimination. Through observing the social environment, the Airline has been able to cater for the diverse needs of the customers, this though does not count as bargaining power of the customers towards the airline. The bargaining power of customers in the airline industry is quite low compared to other industries. Conclusion After carrying out the PEST analysis and analysing the environment using the Porters Model the following conclusions were reached. There are threats and opportunities that affect the Southwest airlines Threats The decreasing demand for air travel Fuel price hauls and fluctuations. Terrorist activities make it more of a threat to travel. Opportunities There are still many national and international markets that are still untapped. There are many industrial opportunities for development in the airline industry. It can haul longer flights to cover more expansion. It can also tap the travel business option for the business class passengers, and offer private flights. It can get the latest technology, which would give it a further cost effective lead, as well as providing new services and products.

Looking for patterns in elements of life Essay

Looking for patterns in elements 59 of the 92 naturally occurring elements had been discovered by 1850. Much of the work of trying to search for patterns in the elements was done by Johann Dobereiner and Lother Meyer in Germany John Newlands in England Dimitri Mendeleev In Russia Mendeleev’s Groupings Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Group5 Group6 Group7 Group8 Period1 H Period2 Li Be B C N O F Period3 Na Mg Al Si P SCl Period4 K/Cu Ca/Zn / Ti/ V/As Cr/Se Mn/Br Fe,Co,Ni Period5 Rb/Ag Sr/Cd Y/In Zr/Sn Nb/Sb Mo/Te /I Ru,Rh,Pd. Indicates element yet to be discovered Mendeleevs groupings were seen as more credible than previous attempts to find patterns in element. Unlike newlands, mendeleev left gaps in his table. They allowed for the discovery of new elements. He predicted the properties of an element called eka-silicon. He predicted that the element would go between silicon and tin in his table. The element was discovered in 1886 and called germanium. Since mendellevs death in 1907:   8 elements have been discovered   24 elements have been made in the laboratory the modern periodic table is based on mendellevs original table. See: Assignment 3 Activity EL3. 1 Activity EL3. 2 Activity EL3. 3 Ideas 1. 2 Ideas 11. 1 Ideas11. 2.

Elizabeth Fry

Known for:Â  prison reform, reform of mental asylums, reform of convict ships to Australia Dates: May 21, 1780 - October 12, 1845Occupation: reformerAlso Known as: Elizabeth Gurney Fry About Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry was born in Norwich, England, into a well-off Quaker (Society of Friends) family. Her mother died when Elizabeth was young. The family practiced relaxed Quaker customs, but Elizabeth Fry began to practice a stricter Quakerism. At 17, inspired by the Quaker William Saveny, she put her religious faith into action by teaching poor children and visiting the sick among poor families. She practiced more plain dress, pain speech, and plain living. Marriage In 1800, Elizabeth Gurney married Joseph Fry, who was also a Quaker and, like her father, a banker and merchant. They had eight children between 1801 and 1812. In 1809, Elizabeth Fry began to speak at Quaker meeting and became a Quaker minister. Visit to Newgate In 1813 came a key event in Elizabeth Frys life: she was talked into visiting the womens prison in London, Newgate, where she observed women and their children in horrible conditions. She didnt return to Newgate until 1816, having two more children int aht time, but she began working for reforms, including those that became themes for her: segregation of the sexes, female matrons for female prisoners, education, employment (often kitting and sewing), and religious instruction. Organizing for Reform In 1817, Elizabeth Fry began the Association for the Improvement of Female Prisoners, a group of twelve women who worked for these reforms. She lobbied authorities including Members of Parliament -- a brother-in-law was elected to Parliament in 1818 and became a supporter of her reforms. As a result, in 1818, she was called to testify before a Royal Commission, the first woman to so testify. Widening Circles of Reform Activism In 1819, with her brother Joseph Gurney, Elizabeth Fry wrote a report on prison reform. In the 1820s, she inspected prison conditions, advocated reforms and established more reform groups, including many with women members. By 1821, a number of womens reform groups came together as the British Ladies Society for Promoting the Reformation of Female Prisoners. In 1822, Elizabeth Fry gave birth to her eleventh child. In 1823, prison reform legislation was finally introduced in Parliament. Elizabeth Fry in the 1830s Elizabeth Fry traveled extensively in western European countries in the 1830s advocating her preferred prison reform measures. By 1827, her influence had diminished. In 1835, Parliament enacted laws creating harsher prison policies instead, including hard labor and solitary confinement. Her last trip was to France in 1843. Elizabeth Fry died in 1845. More Reforms While Elizabeth Fry is known more for her prison reform activities, she was also active in investigating and proposing reforms for mental asylums. For more than 25 years, she visited every convict ship leaving for Australia, and promoted reform of the convict ship system. She worked for nursing standards and established a nursing school which influenced her distant relative, Florence Nightingale. She worked for the education of working women, for better housing for the poor including hostels for the homeless, and she founded soup kitchens. In 1845, after Elizabeth Fry died, two of her daughters published a two-volume memoir of their mother, with selections from her journals (44 handwritten volumes originally) and letters. It was more hagiography than biography. In 1918, Laura Elizabeth Howe Richards, daughter of Julia Ward Howe, published Elizabeth Fry, the Angel of the Prisons. In 2003, Elizabeth Frys image was selected to appear on the English ​five-pound note.

How Neurons Communicate With Each Other Through Electrical...

1. Describe how neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical processes. Neurons communicate with each other through an electrochemical process in three steps (Stufflebeam, 2008). An electrical impulse will travel down the axon to axon terminals. This causes the vesicles to open and neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic gap. Neurotransmitter molecules then cross the synaptic gap and enters the receptor sites located on the dendrites of the receiving neuron. The information is carried along axons and dendrites because of changes in electrical properties which we call action potential. An action potential is initiated when a messenger attaches itself to a receptor. This occurrence causes an electrical signal to be triggered and is generated through the neuron. Once the signal reaches the end of an axon, which is at the end of a neuron, a neurotransmitter molecule will return to the synaptic gap where they are received by the sending neuron and the process is repeated or are destroyed by enzymes (Griggs, 2014, p. 41-45). 2. The media talks about a popular class of psychopharmacology drugs called the SSRI’s. You may know someone currently taking one of these medications because they are frequently used for treating mood disorders such as depression. Please list and describe the neurotransmitters that are being targeted by the drugs and how these drugs work. While there are around 100 different chemicals that function asShow MoreRelatedEssay on Left Brain vs. the Right Brain916 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation and each lobe has its specific roles. What happens when damage to the brain occurs? How does it rewire itself to process information or learn new activities?. Damage to each hemisphere of the brain has different effects on the way individuals learn since each hemisphere is in charge of different functions. Furthermore, the brain processes information differently according to a person’s learning style. First, Let us explore on the functions of each hemisphere of the brain and how it worksRead MoreThe Biological Aspects of Psychology950 Words   |  4 Pages Biological Psychology: The study of the cells and organs of the body + the phys/chem changes in behavior + mental processes. †¢ Behaviours and mental processes influenced by biology, biological processes by environment as well Nervous system : Complex combination of cells that mainly function to let an organism gain information about what is going on inside/outside body and how to respond to it. Three functions of the nervous system: †¢ receive information; input †¢ integrate information withRead MoreWhy Are Human Psychologists Concerned With Human Biology?1548 Words   |  7 Pages 9-2: What are the parts of a neuron and how are neural impulses generated? Neurons are the elementary components of the nervous system, the body s speedy electrochemical information system. A neuron receives signals through the branching dendrites, and sends signals through its axons. Some axons are encased in a myelin sheath, which enables faster transmission. If the combined receive signals exceed a minimum threshold, the neuron fires, transmitting an electrical impulse (action potential) downRead MoreChapter 4 : Neurons, Hormones, And The Brain1699 Words   |  7 PagesPatrick Beninga Professor Hanretty PSY 202 Section 16 7 October 2015 Chapter 4: Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain The Nervous System: A Basic Blueprint The Central Nervous System Central Nervous System The par of the nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord interprets information about the senses ex: Touch, Taste, Sound, Smell. Spinal Cord A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back, protected by a column of bonesRead MoreExplain How Neurons Transmit Information Our Knowledge of the Nuerons Helps Us to Understand Human Behaviour1109 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1 Option B Explain how neurons transmit information. ‘Our knowledge of the neurons function helps us to understand human behaviour.’ Discuss. The relationship between biology and psychology is a ‘give-and-take’, shared relationship where one can be used to explain and provide insight into the other, as both are related to the physical body and the mind. For that reason biology holds a much significant and important role in the study of psychology. One of the main areas of psychological studiesRead MoreUnderstanding The Structure And Function Of A Neuron1403 Words   |  6 PagesOF A NEURON 1 UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF A NEURON AND EXAMINING THE INTERCOMMUNICATION OF NEURONS Natasha Melendez Nova Southeastern University UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION OF A NEURON 2 The proper functioning of the cells allow us to act, think, learn, remember and control complex behaviors. In order to understand how the brain performs these essential functions we must first understand the different components of the cells; such as the function of neurons andRead MoreStructure and Functions of Different Classes of Neurons and the Human Eye1883 Words   |  8 Pagesof Neurons: Neurons are nerve cells within the nervous system that allow it to communicate with body cells. Neurons are important part of the nervous system, which has the responsibility for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the entire body (Stufflebeam, 2008). Neurons are required to demonstrate qualities of ability to respond to stimuli, being conductive, and ability of secreting chemicals. Some of the most common classes of neurons include  ¦ Motor Neurons: These neurons areRead MoreAlzheimer s A Progressive And Fatal Disease Of The Brain1791 Words   |  8 Pagesand constructing memories. The cerebrum is situated at the back of the brain. The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres, left and right. It also consists of the corpus, callosm, and nerve fibers. The left and right hemispheres communicate with each other. The brain stem â€Å"connects the brain to the spinal cord† (Lu Bludua, 2011), which regulates the body. The cerebellum is positioned beneath the cerebrum. It manages a person’s equilibrium and coordination. According to Lu and Bludua, theRead MoreHow Does The Structure Of Neurones Reflect Their Function?2213 Words   |  9 PagesHow does the structure of neurones reflect their function? The brain is a unique organ, it allows us as humans, for example to imagine, speak and perform a lot more complex functions. To function well as a complex organ, the brain has a lot of cells. The brain consists of neurones and glia cells. Neurones observe changes from the environment, communicate these changes to other neurones and issue commands to the body to react on these changes. Glia cells give the neurones among other things protectionRead MoreHypothalamus Gains Admittance Essays1106 Words   |  5 Pagesof numerous important bodily functions. The hypothalamus is shaped like a cone and ends in the pituitary stalk, a part of the pituitary gland. It forms the major portion of the ventral region of diencephalons, and oversees autonomic and metabolic processes. The hypothalamus is the connection between the nervous system and the endocrine system, creating this link by producing and secreting neurohormones that in turn stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones. The hypothalamus is central

Change Essay - 865 Words

Change is something that is constantly occurring in our lives. Not a single moment goes by when everything in our lives will remain consistent. Indeed, it has become apparent to us that the only thing which in fact survives change, is change itself. Time and experience allows change to eventually reform and alter everything from the way it originally was. From ourselves physically, to those around us emotionally, to the way in which we perceive the entirety of the world everything it eventually changes. Most of the time we are not even explicitly aware of such changes occurring, but none-the-less they are indeed occurring. Change is a natural process that cannot be easily stopped or controlled. When we think of the things we†¦show more content†¦This short poem, which was present in the stimulus booklet, effectively presents a dramatic monologue which encapsulates the concept of change on a physical, social and emotional level. Through the poem the door, the poet, is trying to convey to the responder, that life is too short for us to simply try and keep things constant at all times. We have to make change our ally and use it to enrich our lives, and allow it to transform us into stronger, superior beings. The poet is integrating the use of dual metaphor, The Door, to convey to us that getting what we want out of life, is as simple as opening a door, and allowing yourself to become exposed to a completely new environment. The poet is addressing today’s society and almost satirising our constant fear of change and failure, conveying to us that even if we take a risk in our life, and we feel as if we are lost, the mist of confusion will eventually lift, and we will be left with an enriched, fulfilled life. This is adamant in the lines â€Å" go ad open the door, if there is a fog, it will clear.† Miroslav Holub, is telling us that we need to embrace as change will always be present in our life, a nd it is only through change that we can grow and form as strong passionate beings. However, although we have come far as a society, and can now only embrace change but seek to instigate it, there are still some parts of modern living which always seem to remain constant, and refuse to embrace change and this isShow MoreRelatedThe Change Of A Change Leader973 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that the change that is to occur has a large part on the strategies that a change leader must use to build employee commitment and buy-in. According to Palmer, Dunford and Akin (2009) â€Å"Getting people to buy-in may depend upon what it is that they are buying into: whether they perceive it as favorable to them and whether the change had been adequately justified to them† (p.302). If it was a small change, it doesn’t take much to get people to buy-in, but if it is a large change it will take someRead MoreChange1738 Words   |  7 PagesCoping with Change Understanding and Coping with Change Change can be difficult for any individual or organization and it can be seen as a threat. An individual that can plan and implement change is better prepared to effectively meet their future stated goals and can move forward in a positive movement when embracing the need for change. â€Å"Is change, changing?†(Rowland Higgs, 2008). A company can then diagnose, plan, and implement changes to see improvements. To understand change and learningRead MoreCaroline And Change : Caroline Or Change1733 Words   |  7 Pages Caroline or Change Caroline or Change was a show that was heavily pushed, which often comes back as a problem, leaving people with expectations not met. This was not the case. From beginning to end the play was filled with tasteful design choices, interesting character choices and impeccable notes that carried farther than expected, evoking some pretty tear jerking moments. The directorial stance in creating it all really worked for the actors while still giving them room to explore their charactersRead MoreThe Change Of Change Management1591 Words   |  7 PagesChange management is tedious and excruciating task, essentially affecting an association s drive towards their goal achievement. What s more shaking is that majority of the change management initiatives drastically fail. We all know that nothing is constant but change and change is inevitable, so in light of this associations need to determine how to effectively adjust and manage change. Change administration is vital ability that every organ ization should possess and that is in alignment withRead MoreLeading As Change Agents : Managing Change812 Words   |  4 PagesDEACONS LEADING AS CHANGE AGENTS. Managing change . If deacons are to be positive agents for change within the life of the church , they must learn to manage change. Change needs to be managed because it strongly impacts the church. Change tests the fellowship of the church. Since change offers opportunity for disagreement, a church finds out the strength of its fellowship when a proposed change comes up for discussion. This is the reason a buildingRead MorePlanning Changes951 Words   |  4 PagesPlanning changes: Why is it important? ââ€" ª Identifying the final aim of the change and communicating it effectively ââ€" ª monitoring the progress of the changes (sponsor/agent and targets) ââ€" ª understanding the change (targets) ââ€" ª identifying lack of infrastructures/staff/training to support changes ââ€" ª setting achievable time frames and goals ââ€" ª setting roles and responsibilities ââ€" ª motivating people within the change ââ€" ª increasing efficiency ââ€" ª increasingRead MoreChange Memo1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe famous Heraclitus once said, â€Å"The only thing constant is change.† Many of us do not like change due to the uncomfortable feeling of the unknown, we enjoy our routines, or lack of confidence in ourselves. Change is an inevitable force, and affects all people, creatures and things. Organizational development is one miniscule aspect of social, corporate change that I find quite fascinating. I never knew what it was founded upon. After reading Burnes and Cooke’s article on â€Å"The past, present, andRead MoreInnovation and Changes1014 Words   |  5 Pagesday, innovation and change is very important for organizations. Innovation and change are applied in many companies in the world. Innovation is a successful implementation of creative ideas in organization to improve products and services. Change is a difference in the form, quality or condition of an organization over time (Williams amp; McWi lliams 2010). The purpose of this essay is to explain us the compare (differences) and contrast (similarities) between innovation and change. This is also includingRead MoreAn Organization in Change1504 Words   |  7 PagesAn Organization in Change BUS610: Organizational Behavior (MWB1208A) Corey Mullin Instructor: Adrienne Osborne 04/02/2012 Self-reflection sometimes is the best feedback that an individual can receive, and the same is true for an organization. Understanding where an organization sits emerged in an industry often calls for a shake up or changes in methods, practices or even product. The focus is not necessarily what the changes are or is but rather how they are executed, who is affectedRead MoreChange Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesChange We dont continue on as we are. We change and are forever changing if we dont change we dont grow. If we dont grow, we arent really living Gail Sheehy, suggests that for change to work efficiently we must learn from what has happened in the past. Change can be a positive force, we have the power to change to create world peace, and on the other hand change can be negative. Having to change your lifestyle after being paralysed in a car accident. Im

Geographical Discoveries Free Essays

Great geographical discoveries – a popular term geographical discoveries made at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, in particular: circumnavigation Cape of Good Hope by Diaz (1488), the discovery of America by Columbus (1492), and then the conquest, trip [[Vasco da Gama | to India (1498) and the first trip around the world, Magellan (1519-1522). These events triggered a further voyages of discovery and contributed to a significant widening of the geographical horizon of Europeans. Expedition of Christopher Columbus Rulers of Spain, they realized that they begin to lose the distance to Portugal, which definitely lead the quantity organized expeditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Geographical Discoveries or any similar topic only for you Order Now But so far Spain was busy fighting with the Arabs, who defended her at the last stronghold – Grenada. When in 1492 the Saracens were expelled from the Iberian peninsula, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance the expedition, which presented them with a description of the Genoese Christopher Columbus. The traveler asked the first king of Portugal. Presented a plan aimed at shipping on the west and in accordance with the map of Ptolemy, after crossing the Atlantic to reach Asia. However, not met with favor. With the same plan, asked the king of Spain. Under the agreement, written by Columbus from the royal couple: Columbus was appointed for life admiral, governor and viceroy of the newly discovered lands. 1 / 10 of income from the newly discovered land was to belong to Columbus, the rest of the royal treasury. In return, Columbus promised to cover 1 / 8 the cost of the expedition. The rest covered the royal couple. And the expedition of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) The expedition set sail on August 3, 1492 from the port of Palos de la Frontera. The first stage of the journey were previously discovered the Canary Islands, then Columbus sailed along the 28 parallel to the west. The crew, consisting of about 90 people after 3 weeks of shipping began to rebel, when it turned out that you can not see land. 29. 09. Columbus in his diary wrote that it was rebellion. 11. 10. Columbus erected ultimatum – if within 24 hours will not see the land has ordered outflow. Fortunately for Kolumba12 October after three months of the expedition, when the entire crew of the ship was already tired and actually threatened Columbus’s death, Juan Rodriguez Bermejo saw the crow’s nest land. The expedition landed on the island probably Watling (called Guanahani by the Indians), a small island group of the Bahamas. In the natives pointed gold ornaments. Interviewed about their origin indicated the direction to the south. Judging from this that lies to the north of the mainland, Columbus chose a new course to the southwest. Indians called the island’s inhabitants. October 28 Columbus arrived in Cuba, then on December 6 found another island of Haiti / Hispaniola and the smaller islands, which he called Isabella and Fernandina in honor of the royal couple. Then there was a crisis – in late January and February turned out that the admiral ship sank and the Santa Maria, Columbus ordered the return to their homeland. In March 1493, two ships returned to Palos. Second expedition of Christopher Columbus (1493 – 1494) September 25, 1493, the expedition set off another. This time the expedition better equipped, numbering more ships (about 15, the number of crew: about 1750). The expedition lasted 1. 5 years. This time, Columbus chose a more southern route, and thus reached land in the area of the Lesser Antilles. Subsequently discovered the island of Dominica, Marie – Galante, Guadeloupe, Antigua and Puerto Rico. Nov. 22 Columbus arrived in Haiti again, to see that the people left there, no one survived. How domyslono, all perished in the struggle with the natives. In the longer journey Columbus sailed along the southern coast of Cuba and discovered Jamaica. However, the absolute gggaaaTymczasem proceeding to Columbus alienated a large part of his crew. Discouraged many hardships and lack of legendary riches separated themselves from the trip and started searching on your own. Others returned to Spain, choking many complaints on Columbus. Influenced by the enemies of Columbus postulated to take privileges granted to him earlier, and in his place appointed royal governor of the newly discovered lands. In this situation, Columbus on March 19 headed back to Spain, where he arrived June 11. At the court managed to clear himself of the charges against him, obtained a confirmation of earlier privileges and the promise of organizing the next, the third expedition. Third expedition of Christopher Columbus (1498 – 1500) Another, already the third expedition took place in 1498 on her organization had to wait so much, because it failed to fully restore confidence in what it darzono. In fact, only during this expedition, Christopher Columbus saw the mainland. It was South America, but that’s when fate turned away from Columbus. Columbus autocratic favor of his people, in particular his son – Diego. She came to the undoubted frustration at the lack of major economic successes and difficulties expeditions in relations with the natives. Just as during the second expedition, news arrived of the problems to the crown. Meanwhile, it was decided to act more decisively. In June 1500 sent to the west of Francis Bobadilla, which were endowed with wide powers of attorney. After reviewing the situation in Haiti, he ordered arrest of Columbus and his son, and shackled to send them to Spain. At the Columbus site again managed to clear themselves of charges and return to the graces of the royal pair. The result was a fourth and last expedition of Columbus to America. IV expedition of Christopher Columbus (1502 -1504) May 9, 1502 flotilla of four ships and 150 crew company Columbus went west again. This time the situation was urgent. In the meantime, Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India around the African continent. Columbus urgently needed was a success proving that the road to the west is shorter, more comfortable and safer. Columbus’s intention was to find the transition to water, which eventually took him to lead India. He expected to go to the west of Cuba. There was headed in his expedition. Flowing in this direction reached the coasts of Honduras and the Mosquito Coast on the east coast of Nicaragua. There, the natives learned about the â€Å"rich kingdoms† (Mayan civilization, and perhaps even the Inca Empire) and the â€Å"great sea† (Pacific Ocean), which lies further west, but despite strenuous attempts failed to find a water passage to the reservoir. Having lost two of the four ships, resigned to return to Cuba, then to Jamaica. There he was forced to settle the remaining ships aground. Materials originating in the damaged ships were used for the construction of fortified settlements. One of the companions of Columbus, Diego Mendez, the Indian boats set off for help survivors. But it was only after months wandering managed to get to Haiti, where he brought help. In the meantime Columbus was seriously ill and in such condition were transported him to Spain, where he arrived November 25, 1504. Summary of accomplishments of Christopher Columbus Given what Columbus has to say that the end of his life was tragic. After returning from the expedition moved to fourth place Vailadolid seriously ill, and having almost the status of a beggar. He died on May 20, 1506 was actually not knowing that he discovered America. He was convinced that came to Japan, to China, to India, and the mainland, which he saw during the third expedition he considered the biblical paradise. Meanwhile, the Portuguese and Spaniards, and realized that Columbus did not reach India, and discovered a new land. Another version of the last years of his life of Columbus presents a mysterious manuscript of Puri, according to which Columbus had died many years later and still take one-fifth trip to the West Indies. The authenticity of this source is given, however, questioned by most scholars Ferdinand Magellan (port. Fernao de Magalhaes, Spanish. Fernando de Magallanes, born. In the spring of 1480, as amended. April 27, 1521) – Portuguese sailor in the service of the Spanish maritime explorer and adventurer. He called the Pacific Ocean (Pacific). September 20, 1519 set out from Portugal by the western, or by the Atlantic Ocean to the Spice Islands in the Malay Archipelago. The expedition, which sailed under his command as the first circumnavigated the Earth. He died on April 27 killed by the inhabitants of the island of Mactan in the Philippine Archipelago Christopher Columbus (born 25 August or 31 October 1451 in Genoa (Italy) – died. May 20, 1506 in Valladolid, cat Cristofor Colom, owned by Cristoforo Colombo, Spanish. Cristobal Colon) – European sailor and navigator (probably Catalan by recent discoveries), captain of the expedition, which flowed on the three ships Santa Maria, Nina and Pinta under the flag of Castile in search of the western sea route to India, as the first in the history of geographical discoveries of modern beat tropical Atlantic Ocean and 12 October 1492 reached the West Indies (Antilles ) off the coast of America – the continent at that time unknown in Europe. Was appointed as admiral and made the first governor of the Spanish colonies in Central America, the organizer and master of four transatlantic discovery expeditions from Spain to America. Diaz used the discovery of Vasco da Gama. In 1497 another expedition was launched. Da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and headed towards Asia. Docked in the port of Calicut in India. Returned to the country in 1499 along with a large cargo of gold and spices. The country welcomed him enthusiastically. Maritime route to India became a reality. No wonder that the success of this expedition had a big impact naorganizowanie next. Henry the Navigator Portugal at least because of its location lent itself perfectly to the base for ocean expeditions. Despite the advantages of geographical location odegralaby probably not such a role in the great geographical discoveries, if not enthusiasm and dedication to Prince Henry (1394-1460) Henry called Sailor. After the conquest by the Portuguese in 1415 On the Moroccan coast Ceutry Henry was convinced that further expansion in Africa will bring great benefits. Counting on profits from trading gold, slaves, ivory, and pepper. With his support along the western coast of Cape Sangres organized a sort of database connection with the research center, where he collected all the geographical and navigational data and worked on the construction of sailing ships. For seventy years the Portuguese sailing ships were moving farther and farther south along the African coast, reaching successive headlands: Nun, Bojador, Blanco and 1445 Green Cape. During these expeditions the Portuguese discovered and colonized offshore islands and archipelagos – Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde. They assumed a fortified factories on the coast. And as it turned out that gold is less in Africa than they hoped, they took a more profitable procedere, the slave trade. EXPEDITIONS: WYPRARY PORTUGUESE: -Henry the Navigator – Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, crossed the equator in 1471r. , -Bartholomew Diaz – 1488r . – Busz Cape (Cape of Good Hope), Vasco da Gamma– the road to India along the coast of Africa (1497-1498), SPANISH EXPEDITION: Christopher Columbus – the discovery of America (12. 10. 1942r), Hispaniola (Haiti), Cuba and others (1492), Lesser Antilles, the Coast of Central America and South America (1493-1503); -Amerigo Vespucci – realized that America is a new continent (from his name, name); -Ferdinand Magellan – (1519-1522) circumnavigation of the Earth (Magellan Strait, Pacific Ocean, Philippines, Borneo) – died in 1521r. In the Philippines, an expedition Sebastian del Cano finished; – Francis Drake (English) – and the circumnavigation of South America (the world); CIVILIZATIONS AND SOUTH CENTRAL AMERICA: Maya: V w. n. e. – The beginnings of civilization in the areas of Central America (Yucatan plw. ) with its capital in Majapan; Economy: -Wypaleniskowa (incandescent), -Grown: beans, wheat, -Craft, art, the pyramid; -Religion based on the sun-god cults, rites – human sacrifice; -Totalitarian power, absolute, hereditary; -The principal adviser to the ruler – the high priest; -Did not know the wheel or arc; -Calendar (365 days divided into 18 months); -Developed astronomy; -Know the time (to understand this concept) decimal system; Were aware of the layout of digits; The Aztecs: The thirteenth century – the beginnings of civilization in the areas of Mexico today, with its capital in Tenochtitlan; -Developed economy; -Grown: tomatoes, cotton, cocoa; -Money: cocoa beans or golden sand; -Tools more advanced than the Mayans; -Construction: the temples; -Ruler chosen from among the administrative units; -Bloody rituals, wor ship of the sun: 1489 – 250 thousand were killed. people as victims of ritual, such as skinned, pulling beating hearts; -Took over the Mayan calendar; Incas: Fifteenth century origins of civilization in the areas of Peru; -Cult of the sun and moon; -A highly developed economy, -Machu Picchu, -Crafts (ornaments of gold); -Totalitarian state, absolute power; -The interests of the subordinated interests of the state; -Residents could not travel to other parts of the country; Courier-Mail (16 thousand. Km of roads) Knotted-letter; -Developed surgery and herbal medicine, hypnosis; 1519r. – Hispanic – Cortez Aztec civilization znieszczenie; XVI – the destruction of the Incas – Izarro; How to cite Geographical Discoveries, Papers

Journal The American College Of Cardiology -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal The American College Of Cardiology? Answer: Introduction A pacemaker is a device which is very small in size and is placed in the chest or abdomen. It is help to control the abnormality of the heart beats (as shown in fig. 1). This device works by using low energy electric for prompting the heart to beat at normal rates. Pacemakers are generally used for treating arrhythmias. Arrhythmia is type of dysfunction of the heart where a person suffers from the problems with the rate of the rhythm of heartbeat. In case of arrhythmia, the heartbeat may become too fast or too slow or with an irregular rhythm (Foster et al. 2017). Having a pacemaker can extraordinarily enhance your personal satisfaction and for a few people it can be life saving. Most pacemakers are extremely solid and agreeable. They're littler than a normal matchbox and weigh around 20 to 50 grams. Materials The materials that are used for making the pacemakers must be nontoxic, sterilizable and have the ability to function according to the conditions of the body. The parts of the pacemaker include the casing, electronics and the leads. These parts are generally made up of biocompatible materials. The casing is generally made up of titanium or metal alloy but these are insulated with a polymer such as polyurethane. In this design the metal tip is only exposed and the circuit is generally made up of semiconductors of silicon (Miller, Nazarian and Halperin 2016). The pacemaker generally made up of battery, leads and the circuit which consist of resistors, diodes, capacitors, and semiconductors. The battery is needed to store energy for the stimulation of heart. It is also used to provide the sensors with power. The leads that are used to build up the pacemaker are thin and insulated. For the single chambers pacemakers a single lead is needed and for dual chambers pacemakers, two leads are needed. The modern days pacemakers are a bigger improvement as compared to the earlier models, as the circuit models have become much smaller (Weiss et al. 2013). These results in the consumption of less space in the body; require less energy and are greatly reliable. Mechanism of action The pacemaker helps for monitoring and control the heartbeat. The electrodes present in the pacemaker detect the heartbeat and sends the data through the wires to the computer. If the heart beat is abnormal then the generator will send electric pulses to the heart. Then these pulses travel through the wires and reach the heart. They can also adjust the heart rate so that the heart can work in a better way (Brunner et al. 2014). Clinical safety and efficacy The modern pacemakers are safe to use. According to Khan et al. (2013), the pacemaker can be used during electromagnetic bronchosopy. They had proved that pacemakers of 1.5-T or 3-T magnetic fields can be used in the MRI scanners. They selected some 24 patients with the pacemakers and suffering from lung lesions. Then the electromagnetic bronchoscopy was done, then pacing systems were interrogated and then ECG was recorded. It was seen that there were no disturbances in the pacemaker device and those are working well. It is safe while going through the security detectors of malls, railway stations or airport. They will not damage the pacemaker or ICD. Implantation of the pacemaker for heart is choice of treatment in case of severe or symptomatic bradycardia. So it can be concluded that electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy is safe to perform in the patients having pacemakers. Generally now-a-days, pacemaker implantation has been greatly evolved. Some highly sophisticated devices ar e now available in the market which provides optimal support for the treatment of any type of arrhythmia. In the second study, Xiang et al. (2016) had done a randomized controlled trial at 14 centers in china for the safety and efficacy of a cardiac pacemaker. Cardiac arrhythmia is a noteworthy clinical issue prompting significant grimness and mortality. As indicated by the insights of American Heart Association, the occurrence of bradyarrhythmia was accounted for to be 4%. It is assessed to influence 5.6 12.0 million individuals in 2050 and will prompt more than 400,000 yearly sudden heart deaths in the United States. Implantation a cardiovascular pacemaker is the best path for treating patients with bradyarrhythmia. In the previous decades, heart pacemakers have spared a huge number of patients experiencing cardiovascular bradyarrhythmia and have enhanced the personal satisfaction of patients. They collected the parameters of the pacemaker systems immediately after the implantation of the device. A 6-month follow-up for the pacing rate was being recorded. Electrical properties, single- pole and double-pole polarity conversion, magnet response, adverse events and rate response function of the pacing system were analyzed. For measuring the primary qualitative result Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test were used (Weiss et al. 2013). The outcomes were analyzed and compared for achieving the results of the distributed measurement data. Safety evaluations were directed by recording all-causes of deaths, pacemaker-related antagonistic occasions and cardiovascular deaths within six months of implantation. In addition, the clinical side effects, essential signs (circulatory strain and heart rate), and research center parameters were checked. In the event that irregular changes were noticed, their relationship with the pacemaker was examined. Research facility parameters included finish blood check, liver capacity, renal capacity, and blood coagulating tests (Bailey et al. 2015). In the third study of Reddy et al. (2015), it has been described that every year, around 1 million individuals everywhere throughout the world get standard transvenous cardiovascular pacemakers with dynamic fixation prompts treat bradycardia and heart piece. Despite huge mechanical types of progress as the introduction of the pacemakers before six decades, antagonistic events related to pacemaker occurring in 1 out of 10 patients. The events are consistently related to surgical pocket, the transvenous lead, or pulse generator. These leads are weak and easily, breaks or insurance dissatisfaction and can in like manner causes polluting, cardiovascular gap, venous obstruction, and tricuspid regurgitating forward. Pulse generators are being connected with ailment, stash hematoma, and skin breaking down. As of late a gadget is being produced that is totally autonomous, leadless cardiovascular pacemaker with joined battery, equipment, and terminals. Through the femoral vein, the catheter is inserted and the leadless heart pacemaker is non-surgically placed inside the right ventricle. Wiping out the device takes and transvenous lead furthermore conceivably restricts some whole deal bothers saw with customary pacemakers, for instance, tricuspid valvular heaving forward and thrombo-embolism over a patent foramen ovale (Durrani et al. 2016). Achievability of the leadless heart pacemaker in individuals was showed up in the LEADLESS trial. A nonrandomized trial was finished reviewing the clinical security and sufficiency of nonsurgical implantation of the Nanostim leadless cardiovascular pacemaker in patients who require interminable ventricular pacing. The arranged examination, that was reported here, incorporates the essential investigation of viability and wellbeing in the underlying 300 patients who were taken after for a half year (the essential companion) and results for every one of the 526 patients who were enlisted as of June 2015 (the aggregate partner). A global directing board of trustees, with the investment of the support, was in charge of the outline and lead of the investigation and the revealing of the discoveries. Observing and accumulation of the information and introductory information examinations were performed by the support in organization with the guiding council (Bailey, Gleva and Woodard 2015). Patients were rejected on the off chance that they had mechanical tricuspid-valve prosthesis, pneumonic blood vessel hypertension, prior endocardial pacing or defibrillation leads, or a substandard vena cava channel or in the event that they had experienced cardiovascular or fringe vascular surgery inside 30 days before enlistment. The essential result investigation was a prespecified evaluation of the essential viability and wellbeing end focuses in the initial 300 patients who were taken after for a half year. The composite essential viability end point was both a restoratively adequate pacing catch edge (2.0 V at 0.4 msec) and remedially worthy detecting sufficiency (R wave 5.0 mV, or an esteem equivalent to or more noteworthy than the incentive at implantation) through a half year. The essential wellbeing end point was flexibility from gadget related genuine unfavorable occasions amid the underlying a half year after implantation (Falk et al. 2017). Every single antagonistic occasion were mediated by an autonomous clinical-occasions board of trustees. A genuine antagonistic occasion was characterized as any untoward restorative event that prompted passing or to a genuine disintegration in the soundness of a patient that brought about hazardous ailment or damage, perpetual impedance of a body structure or a body capacity, inpatient or delayed hospitalization, or a therapeutic or surgical mediation to counteract perilous sickness or damage or changeless weakness to a body structure or a body work. Genuine unfavorable occasions were named gadget related on the off chance that they were considered by the clinical-occasions board to be owing to the investigational gadget or methodology (Lee et al. 2014). The cohort study was assessed for all non gadget related genuine unfriendly occasions amid a half year of development. Such occasions were thought to be random to the investigational gadget or method. Since the LEADLESS II trial is progressing, auxiliary examinations were performed on information from extra patients who were enlisted as of June 2015, joined with information from the initial 300 patients, who had broadened follow-up past a half year (add up to companion) (Figure 2). Extra investigations in the aggregate associate included assurance of all gadgets related and nongadget related genuine antagonistic occasions amid development and the impact of administrator encounter (Miller et al. 2015). It has been evaluated that if 300 patients were taken after for a half year, the examination would have 90% power, at a two-sided 5.0% importance level, to demonstrate rates of security and viability that would be better than foreordained execution objectives for wellbeing and adequacy. The execution objective for the essential viability end purpose of both a restoratively adequate pacing catch limit and a remedially satisfactory detecting sufficiency through a half year was 85%, and the investigation was fueled under the supposition that the rate of this end point would be 91.5% or higher. The execution objective for adequacy depended on a continuous pacemaker contemplates that is supported by St. Jude Medical (Phillips 2015). The execution objective for the essential wellbeing end purpose of flexibility from gadget related genuine unfriendly occasions through a half year was 86%, and the investigation was fueled under the presumption that the occasion free rate would be 92%. The ou tcomes demonstrate that pacemaker implantation was effective in 504 of the 526 patients (95.8%). Most patients (70.2%) did not require gadget repositioning after starting sending. The term of healing facility remain from implantation to release was 1.11.7 days (run, 0 to 33) (Ritter et al. 2015). Conclusion Thus from the above discussion, we can get an idea about pacemaker and the importance of its use. A pacemaker is a device which is very small in size and is placed in the chest or abdomen. The modern days pacemakers are a bigger improvement as compared to the earlier models, as the circuit models have become much smaller. The pacemaker helps for monitoring and control the heartbeat. Most pacemakers are extremely solid and agreeable. They're a bit small than a normal matchbox and weigh around 20 to 50 grams. A pacemaker is placed simply under your neckline bone and will have at least one leads which are set into your heart through a vein. References Foster, A.J., Tockman, B.A., Liu, L., Simms Jr, H.D. and Bustillos, A.M., Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc., 2017. Implantable medical devices with separate fixation mechanism. U.S. Patent 9,694,172. Miller, J.D., Nazarian, S. and Halperin, H.R., 2016. Implantable electronic cardiac devices and compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 68(14), pp.1590-1598. Weiss, R., Knight, B.P., Gold, M.R., Leon, A.R., Herre, J.M., Hood, M., Rashtian, M., Kremers, M., Crozier, I., Lee, K.L. and Smith, W., 2013. Safety and efficacy of a totally subcutaneous implantable-cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation, 128(9), pp.944-953. Brunner, M.P., Cronin, E.M., Duarte, V.E., Yu, C., Tarakji, K.G., Martin, D.O., Callahan, T., Cantillon, D.J., Niebauer, M.J., Saliba, W.I. and Kanj, M., 2014. Clinical predictors of adverse patient outcomes in an experience of more than 5000 chronic endovascular pacemaker and defibrillator lead extractions. Heart Rhythm, 11(5), pp.799-805. Khan, A.Y., Berkowitz, D., Krimsky, W.S., Hogarth, D.K., Parks, C. and Bechara, R., 2013. Safety of pacemakers and defibrillators in electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy. CHEST Journal, 143(1), pp.75-81. Xiang, M.X., Wang, D.Q., Xu, J., Zhang, Z., Hu, J.X., Wang, D.M., Gu, X., Liu, H.P., Guo, T., Yang, X.J. and Ling, F., 2016. Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Qinming8631 DR Implantable Cardiac Pacemaker in Chinese Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of the First Domestically Developed Pacemaker of China. Chinese medical journal, 129(22), p.2659. Weiss, R., Knight, B.P., Gold, M.R., Leon, A.R., Herre, J.M., Hood, M., Rashtian, M., Kremers, M., Crozier, I., Lee, K.L. and Smith, W., 2013. Safety and efficacy of a totally subcutaneous implantable-cardioverter defibrillator. Circulation, 128(9), pp.944-953. Bailey, W.M., Rosenthal, L., Fananapazir, L., Gleva, M., Mazur, A., Rinaldi, C.A., Kypta, A., Merkely, B., Woodard, P.K. and ProMRI/ProMRI AFFIRM Study Investigators, 2015. Clinical safety of the ProMRI pacemaker system in patients subjected to head and lower lumbar 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanning conditions. Heart Rhythm, 12(6), pp.1183-1191. Reddy, V.Y., Exner, D.V., Cantillon, D.J., Doshi, R., Bunch, T.J., Tomassoni, G.F., Friedman, P.A., Estes III, N.M., Ip, J., Niazi, I. and Plunkitt, K., 2015. Percutaneous implantation of an entirely intracardiac leadless pacemaker. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(12), pp.1125-1135. Durrani, A.K., Sandberg, S., Gleva, M., Mitchell, K.W., Keith, M.D. and Woodard, P.K., 2016. The cumulative effects and clinical safety of repeat magnetic resonance imaging on an MRI-conditional Pacemaker system at 1. 5 Tesla. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 18(S1), p.P204. Bailey, W., Gleva, M. and Woodard, P., 2015. DIAGNOSTIC IMAGE QUALITY IN PACEMAKER IMPLANTED PATIENTS SUBJECTED TO 1.5 T CARDIAC OR THORACIC SPINE MRI SCANNING. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65(10), p.A1087. Falk, V., Whrle, J., Hildick-Smith, D., Bleiziffer, S., Blackman, D.J., Abdel-Wahab, M., Gerckens, U., Linke, A., Ince, H., Wenaweser, P. and Allocco, D.J., 2017. Safety and efficacy of a repositionable and fully retrievable aortic valve used in routine clinical practice: the RESPOND Study. European Heart Journal. Lee, J.C., Shannon, K., Boyle, N.G., Klitzner, T.S. and Bersohn, M.M., 2014. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of pacemaker and defibrillator implantation by axillary incision in pediatric patients. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology, 27(3), pp.304-307. Miller, M.A., Neuzil, P., Dukkipati, S.R. and Reddy, V.Y., 2015. Leadless cardiac pacemakers: back to the future. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 66(10), pp.1179-1189 Phillips, R., 2015. Leadless pacemaker demonstrates safety, efficacy, and retrievability. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 12(11), pp.620-621. Ritter, P., Duray, G.Z., Zhang, S., Narasimhan, C., Soejima, K., Omar, R., Laager, V., Stromberg, K., Williams, E. and Reynolds, D., 2015. The rationale and design of the Micra Transcatheter Pacing Study: safety and efficacy of a novel miniaturized pacemaker. EP Europace, 17(5), pp.807-813.